Logbook Entries and Endorsements
Regulations, Airworthiness, Certification, and Documents
Logbook Entries and Certificate Endorsements
Objective: the student will be introduced to logbook entries and certificate endorsements
Completion Standards: the student will be able to understand the different endorsements per certificate and rating along with understanding wen each endorsement should be used.
References: Part 61, AC 61-65H
Equipment: White Board and markers, iPad/ computer
IP’s Actions:
Assess student
State the objective and completion standards
Writes down references
Provide attention getter
Present content
Assessment
Assign Homework
SP’s Actions:
Take notes
Ask Questions
Introduction:
(Attention Getter) : Remember your student pilot days… all the endorsement (logbook)
Motivation: (Discuss purpose for lesson and relate to Attention getter)
Overview:
Required logbook entries for instruction given:
Required student pilot certificate endorsements, including appropriate logbook entries.
Preparation of a recommendation for a pilot practical test, including appropriate logbook entry for:
Required endorsement of a pilot logbook for the satisfactory completion of the required FAA flight review.
Required flight instructor records
Content:
Required logbook entries for instruction given:
Flight instructors must sign the logbook (in a legible manner) of each person to whom flight or ground training is provided.
At a minimum, a record of training time must include:
The date, location, and other fields required by 14 CFR 61.51.
A description of the training given (citing the appropriate section of 14 CFR Part 61 or Part 141 is highly recommended).
The length of the training lesson.
The instructor’s signature, certificate number, and certificate expiration date.
Required student pilot certificate endorsements, including appropriate logbook entries.
#3 – Presolo aeronautical knowledge: 14 CFR 61.87(b)
The endorsement and knowledge test must be specific to the make and model of aircraft to be flown.
The instructor must:
Administer the test.
Review all incorrect answers with the student after the test.
The test must address the student pilot’s knowledge of:
Applicable sections of 14 CFR Parts 61 and 91.
Airspace rules and procedures for the airport where the solo flight will be performed.
Flight characteristics and operational limitations for the make and model of aircraft to be flown.
#4 – Presolo flight training: 14 CFR 61.87(c)(1) and (2)
The endorsement must be specific to the make and model of aircraft to be flown.
The endorsement certifies that the required flight training was completed in the make and model or a similar make and model of aircraft.
The endorsement does not expire, but the student must have a current solo flight endorsement.
#5 –Presolo flight training at night: 14 CFR 61.87(o)
The endorsement must be specific to the make and model of aircraft to be flown.
The endorsement is valid for 90 days.
The student must receive:
Flight training at night that includes takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds at the airport where the solo flight will be conducted.
Navigation training at night in the vicinity of the airport where the solo flight will be conducted.
#6 – Solo flight (first 90-day period): 14 CFR 61.87(n)
The endorsement must be specific to the make and model of aircraft to be flown.
The endorsement is valid for 90 days.
The student cannot land at another airport until an additional endorsement is obtained.
#7 – Solo flight (each additional 90-day period): 14 CFR 61.87(p)
The endorsement must be specific to the make and model of aircraft to be flown.
The endorsement is valid for 90 days.
#8 – Solo takeoffs and landings at another airport within 25 NM: 14 CFR 61.93(b)(1)
The endorsement is not limited to a make and model of aircraft (it is valid for all make and models the student is authorized to solo).
The endorsement does not expire, but the student must have a current solo flight endorsement.
The student is not required to receive cross-country flight training or have a cross-country endorsement.
The endorsement must be specific to a single airport. Multiple endorsements can be made.
The purpose of the flight must be to practice takeoffs and landings at that other airport.
The student must receive training that includes flight in both directions over the route, entering and exiting the traffic pattern, and takeoffs and landings at the other airport.
#9 – Solo cross-country flight: 14 CFR 61.93(c)(1) and (2)
The endorsement could be composed of one endorsement or multiple endorsements:
The instructor who provided the cross-country training must make an endorsement for the category of aircraft to be flown.
An instructor (not necessarily the same instructor) must make an endorsement specific to the make and model of aircraft to be flown.
The endorsement does not expire, but the student must have a current solo flight endorsement.
#10 – Solo cross-country flight: 14 CFR 61.93(c)(3)
The endorsement is made by an instructor who reviews the cross-country planning (not necessarily the primary instructor).
The instructor is not certifying that the student is proficient through this endorsement.
Each cross-country flight requires a new endorsement.
The endorsement must specify the route of flight and the airport(s) of intended landing.
The endorsement is valid only on the specified date.
The student is not required to have received flight training at the destination airport(s).
The regulations do not specify a minimum or maximum flight distance.
#11 – Repeated solo cross-country flights not more than 50 NM from the point of departure: 14 CFR 61.93(b)(2)
The endorsement is not limited to a make and model of aircraft (it is valid for all make and models the student is authorized to use for solo cross-county flights).
The endorsement does not expire, but the student must have a current solo flight endorsement.
The student must have cross-country flight training and the cross-county endorsement (#9 in AC 61-65).
A separate preflight planning endorsement (#10 in AC 61-65) is not required to be made for each flight.
The endorsement must be specify a single route and a destination airport. Multiple endorsements can be made.
The student must receive training that includes flight in both directions over the route, including entering and exiting the traffic patterns, takeoffs, and landings at the airports to be used.
#12 – Solo flight in Class B airspace: 14 CFR 61.95(a)
The endorsement does not apply to students seeking a Sport or Recreational Pilot certificate (see #15 in AC 61-65).
The endorsement is not limited to a make and model of aircraft (it is valid for all make and models the student is authorized to solo).
The endorsement is valid for 90 days.
The student must receive ground and flight training specific to the Class B airspace area for which the solo flight is authorized
#13 – Solo flight to, from, or at an airport located in Class B airspace: 14 CFR 61.95(b) and 14 CFR 91.131(b)(1)
The endorsement does not apply to students seeking a Sport or Recreational Pilot certificate (see #16 in AC 61-65).
The endorsement is not limited to a make and model of aircraft (it is valid for all make and models the student is authorized to solo).
The endorsement is valid for 90 days.
The student must receive ground and flight training at the specific airport for which the solo flight is authorized.
Preparation of a recommendation for a pilot practical test, including appropriate logbook entry for:
Initial pilot certification:
Initial Private Pilot Certificate
#1 – Prerequisites for practical tests
Prerequisites for practical test: Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 61, § 61.39(a)(6)(i) and (ii).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received and logged training time within 2 calendar-months preceding the month of application in preparation for the practical test and [he or she] is prepared for the required practical test for the issuance of [applicable] certificate.
#2 – Review of deficiencies from the knowledge test (if not 100%)
Review of deficiencies identified on airman knowledge test: § 61.39(a)(6)(iii), as required.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the subject areas in which [he or she] was deficient on the [applicable] airman knowledge test.
#32 – Aeronautical knowledge test
Aeronautical knowledge test: §§ 61.35(a)(1), 61.103(d), and 61.105.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training in accordance with § 61.105. I have determined [he or she] is prepared for the [name of] knowledge test.
#33 – Flight proficiency/practical test
Flight proficiency/practical test: §§ 61.103(f), 61.107(b), and 61.109. The endorsement for a practical test is required in addition to the § 61.39 endorsements provided in paragraphs A.1 and A.2.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training in accordance with §§ 61.107 and 61.109. I have determined [he or she] is prepared for the [name of] practical test.
Initial Instrument Rating
Note: Endorsements #1 and #2 are combined in endorsement #40.
#38 – Aeronautical knowledge test
Aeronautical knowledge test: §§ 61.35(a)(1) and 61.65(a) and (b).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of § 61.65(b). I have determined that [he or she] is prepared for the Instrument–[airplane, helicopter, or powered-lift] knowledge test.
#39 – Flight proficiency/practical test
Flight proficiency/practical test: § 61.65(a)(6).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of § 61.65(c) and (d). I have determined [he or she] is prepared for the Instrument–[airplane, helicopter, or powered-lift] practical test.
#40 – Prerequisites for instrument practical tests
Prerequisites for instrument practical tests: § 61.39(a).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received and logged the required flight time/training of § 61.39(a) in preparation for the practical test within 2 calendar-months preceding the date of the test and has satisfactory knowledge of the subject areas in which [he or she] was shown to be deficient by the FAA Airman Knowledge Test Report. I have determined [he or she] is prepared for the Instrument–[airplane, helicopter, or powered lift] practical test.
Initial Commercial Pilot Certificate
#1 – Prerequisites for practical tests
Prerequisites for practical test: Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 61, § 61.39(a)(6)(i) and (ii).
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received and logged training time within 2 calendar-months preceding the month of application in preparation for the practical test and [he or she] is prepared for the required practical test for the issuance of [applicable] certificate.
#2 – Review of deficiencies from the knowledge test (if not 100%)
Review of deficiencies identified on airman knowledge test: § 61.39(a)(6)(iii), as required.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has demonstrated satisfactory knowledge of the subject areas in which [he or she] was deficient on the [applicable] airman knowledge test.
#34 – Aeronautical knowledge test
Aeronautical knowledge test: §§ 61.35(a)(1), 61.123(c), and 61.125.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of § 61.125. I have determined that [he or she] is prepared for the [name of] knowledge test.
#35 – Flight proficiency/practical test
Flight proficiency/practical test: §§ 61.123(e), 61.127, and 61.129. The endorsement for a practical test is required in addition to the § 61.39 endorsements provided in paragraphs A.1 and A.2.
I certify that [First name, MI, Last name] has received the required training of §§ 61.127 and 61.129. I have determined that [he or she] is prepared for the [name of] practical test.
Additional pilot certification And Additional aircraft qualification
Required endorsement of a pilot logbook for the satisfactory completion of the required FAA flight review.
65. Completion of a flight review: § 61.56(a) and (c)
Note: No logbook entry reflecting unsatisfactory performance of a flight review is required.
I certify that [First Name, MI, Last Name], [grade of pilot certificate], [certificate number], has satisfactorily completed a flight review of § 61.56(a) on [date].
66. Completion of any phase of an FAA-sponsored Pilot Proficiency Program (WINGS): § 61.56(e)
I certify that [First Name, MI, Last Name], [grade of pilot certificate], [certificate number], has satisfactorily completed Level: [Basic/Advanced/Master, as appropriate], Phase No. [__] of a WINGS program on [date].
67. Completion of an instrument proficiency check: § 61.57(d)
Note: No logbook entry reflecting unsatisfactory performance of an instrument proficiency check is required.
I certify that [First Name, MI, Last Name], [grade of pilot certificate], [certificate number], has satisfactorily completed the instrument proficiency check of § 61.57(d) in a [make and model of aircraft] on [date].
Required flight instructor records
Along with the pilot’s records, a flight instructor is also obligated to maintain training records regarding instruction given. A separate logbook or record should contain the following :
The name of each person whose logbook that instructor has endorsed for solo flight privileges, and the date of the endorsement.
The name of each person that instructor has endorsed for a knowledge test or practical test, and the record shall also indicate the kind of test, the date, and the results.
These records must be maintained for at least three years.
Conclusion
Required logbook entries for instruction given:
Required student pilot certificate endorsements, including appropriate logbook entries.
Preparation of a recommendation for a pilot practical test, including appropriate logbook entry for:
Required endorsement of a pilot logbook for the satisfactory completion of the required FAA flight review.
Required flight instructor records
(Questions to assess student)
How long should an instructor keep endorsements for?
What endorsements are required for a private pilot certificate?
HW:
Look over AC 61-65H