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Airport, Runway, Taxi Way Signs, markings and lighting

Runway incursion and Visual Scanning

Airport, Runway, Taxi Way Signs, markings and lighting
Airport, Runway and Taxiway Signs, Markings and Lighting

Objective: The student will be introduced to the markings and what they mean.

Completion Standards: The student will be able to understand what the airport marking are for and how they pertain to us. The student will be able to explain what some of the markings mean.

References: AIM ch2, LAHSO

Equipment: White Board and markers, iPad/ computer 

IP’s Actions:

  • Assess student

  • State the objective and completion standards

  • Writes down references

  • Provide attention getter

  • Present content

  • Assessment

  • Assign Homework

SP’s Actions:

  • Take notes

  • Ask Questions

Introduction: 

(Attention Getter) : (Link goes here)

Motivation: (Discuss purpose for lesson and relate to Attention getter)

Overview:

  1. Scenario

  2. Taxi

  3. Runway

  4. Others

  5. Runway Incursions 

  6. LAHSO


Content:

Scenario

Flying from KDAB to KMLB


Start (ERAU Ramp) 



Categories

  • Non-Movement

    • Not controlled by ATC

  • Movement areas

    • Controlled by ATC


Taxiing

Taxiway centerline


Enhanced Centerline


Taxiway edge markings


  • Continuous markings

    1. These consist of a continuous double yellow line, with each line being at least 6 inches (15 cm) in width spaced 6 inches (15 cm) apart. They are used to define the taxiway edge from the shoulder or some other abutting paved surface not intended for use by aircraft.

  • Dashed markings

    1. These markings are used when there is an operational need to define the edge of a taxiway or taxi lane on a paved surface where the adjoining pavement to the taxiway edge is intended for use by aircraft (for example, an apron). Dashed taxiway edge markings consist of a broken double yellow line, with each line being at least 6 inches (15 cm) in width, spaced 6 inches (15 cm) apart (edge to edge). These lines are 15 feet (4.5 m) in length with 25 foot (7.5 m) gaps.







Taxiway shoulder 



Taxiway signs









Runway Signs




Holding





ILS Holding



Runway Markings 

Types

  • Visual, non-precision, and precision



Precisions instrument markings



Runway Designation



Runway Touchdown Zone Markings

500’ increments 












Aiming point

1,000’ markers












Threshold

Displaced vs relocated

                    VS                





Runway Remaining












Other Airport Signs and Markings

Vehicle Roadway



VOR Receiver Markings



Closed Runways/ taxiways



ILS holding



No Entry (Sign Prohibiting Aircraft Entry into an Area)


LAHSO (Land and hold short operations)

  • LAHSO is an air traffic control procedure which permits the issuance of landing clearances to aircraft

  • land and hold short of an intersecting runway, taxiway, or other designated point on the runway.

    • Procedure designed to increase airport capacity and to more efficiently move aircraft within the terminal

    • airspace and on the airport surface



Runway Incursion Avoidance

  1. Be aware of the airplane’s position and be aware of other aircraft and vehicle operations on the airport

  2. Read back all runway crossing and/or hold short instructions

  3. Review the Taxi Diagrams as part of preflight planning, before landing, and while taxiing as needed

  4. Know airport signage

  5. Review NOTAMs for information regarding runway/taxiway closures and construction areas

  6. Request progressive taxi instructions from ATC when unsure of the taxi route

  7. Check for traffic before crossing any runway hold line and before entering a taxiway

  8. Turn on aircraft lights and the rotating beacon or strobe lights when taxiing

  9. When landing, clear the runway as soon as possible, and wait for taxi instructions before moving

  10. Study and use proper phraseology in order to understand and respond to ground control instructions

  11. Write down complex taxi instructions at unfamiliar airports

  12. Failure to use proper runway incursion avoidance procedures

    1. Do not cross hold short lines until you have been cleared for T/O or to taxi onto/across a runway

    2. Without a control tower, look both ways and announce your intentions before proceeding

    3. Never taxi onto the runway when there is a plane on final approach


Conclusion

  1. Scenario

  2. Taxi

  3. Runway

  4. Others

  5. Runway incursion

  6. LAHSO


(Questions to assess student)

Scenario?

What would you encounter on the trip from the ramp to the runway?

Why is it important to know? (runway incursion)

What did you learn?


HW:

Look over runway markings


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