S Turns

Objective: The student will be introduced to S turns. The student will be able to understand what an S Turn is and why it is used along with the procedures to complete the maneuver.

Completion Standards: The students will be able to explain what an s turn is and why we use it. The student will also be able to explain the procedures of an S Turn step-by-step.

References: AFM Ch 7

Equipment: White Board and markers, iPad/ computer 

IP’s Actions:

• Assess student

• State the objective and completion standards

• Writes down references

• Provide attention getter

• Present content

• Assessment

• Assign Homework

SP’s Actions:

• Take notes

• Ask Questions

Introduction: 

(Attention Getter) : looking for somewhere to land or for objects 

Motivation: By learning S Turns we will be able to find a good place to land as well find things in a larger area.

Overview:

1. What is an S turn

2. What are the objectives of S Turns?

3. Procedures

4. Common Errors

Content:

What is an S turn

• An S-turn is a ground reference maneuver in which the airplane’s ground track resembles two opposite but equal half-circles on each side of a selected ground-based straight-line reference.

What are the objectives of S Turns?

• Maintaining a specific relationship between the airplane and the ground.

• Dividing attention

  • between the flightpaths

  • ground-based references

  • manipulating the flight controls

  • scanning for outside hazards and instrument indications.

• Adjusting the bank angle

  • Constant radius turn

• Rolling out from a turn with the required wind correction angle to compensate for any drift cause by the wind.

  • Wind correction

• Arriving at specific points on required headings.

Procedures:

Set up:

1. Determine the wind direction.

2. Clear the Area

3. Select a ground reference line

   1. A straight line

   2.  A road 

   3. in an area where an emergency landing can be made if necessary, and that lies 90° (perpendicular) to the direction of the wind.

entry

1. Establish and maintain 100 Kn 

   1. About 2200 RPM 

2. Enter on a downwind heading.

   1. At 1000’

   2. Or high enough to complete the maneuver

S Turn Mention wind correction throughout

1. When directly over the line or road (highest groundspeed), 

   1. roll into the steepest bank 

   2. initiate and maintain a constant radius.

2. As the turn continues

   1.  begin to shallow the bank as necessary

   2. to continue maintaining a constant radius.

3. Level the wings when crossing the reference line

   1. immediately begin a turn back in the opposite direction.

4. As the turn continues

   1. begin to steepen the bank as necessary to continue maintaining a constant radius.

5. Level the wings when crossing the reference line

   1. rollout must be timed in order to be straight and level directly over reference.

6. After completing the second turn depart on the entry heading (downwind).

   1. Set cruise power.

Common Errors:

1. Failure to adequately clear surrounding area for safety hazards, initially and throughout the maneuver.

2. Failure to establish a constant, level altitude prior to entering the maneuver.

3. Failure to maintain altitude during the maneuver.

4. Failure to properly assess wind direction.

5. Failure to properly execute constant-radius turns.

6. Failure to manipulate the flight controls in a smooth and continuous manner when transitioning into turns.

7. Failure to establish the appropriate wind correction angle.

8. Failure to apply coordinated aileron and rudder pressure, resulting in slips or skids.

Conclusion

Went over what an S Turn is and why it is used

Went over the procedures

Went over common errors

(Questions to assess student)

What is an S Turn?

How could we usilize this?

What are the steps?

HW:

Look over the procedures in the AFM/ Sopm